A small sample of one NEO was returned to Earth in 2010, and similar missions are in progress. As of January 2019, five near-Earth comets and five near-Earth asteroids have been visited by spacecraft. NEOs have low surface gravity, and many have Earth-like orbits that make them easy targets for spacecraft. In later years, the survey effort was expanded to include smaller objects which have the potential for large-scale, though not global, damage.
The initial US Congress mandate to NASA to catalog at least 90% of NEOs that are at least 1 kilometre (3,300 ft) in diameter, sufficient to cause a global catastrophe, was met by 2011. Since 1998, the United States, the European Union, and other nations are scanning the sky for NEOs in an effort called Spaceguard. Some NEOs have had temporarily positive Torino or Palermo scale ratings after their discovery. Two scales, the simple Torino scale and the more complex Palermo scale, rate the risk presented by an identified NEO based on the probability of it impacting the Earth and on how severe the consequences of such an impact would be. Asteroid impact avoidance by deflection is possible in principle, and methods of mitigation are being researched. Interest in NEOs has increased since the 1980s because of greater awareness of this potential danger. Larger asteroids penetrate the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth, producing craters if they impact a continent or tsunamis if they impact the sea. Asteroids as small as 20 metres (66 ft) in diameter can cause significant damage to the local environment and human populations.
It is now widely accepted that collisions in the past have had a significant role in shaping the geological and biological history of the Earth. A number of solar-orbiting meteoroids were large enough to be tracked in space before striking the Earth. There are over 29,000 known near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and over a hundred known short-period near-Earth comets (NECs). Most known PHOs and NEOs are asteroids, but a small fraction are comets. If a NEO's orbit crosses the Earth's orbit, and the object is larger than 140 meters (460 ft) across, it is considered a potentially hazardous object (PHO). By convention, a Solar System body is a NEO if its closest approach to the Sun ( perihelion) is less than 1.3 astronomical units (AU).
If the "economic lens" is to prevail then the developed Countries, would seek to charge their crisis to emerging Ones where a forthcoming significant growth has expected if the "ethical lens" is to prevail, it will be most likely be the hypothesis of a Global Society where there is a respect of Human Rights in order to drive growth and harmonization of relations between Governments.A near-Earth object ( NEO) is any small Solar System body whose orbit brings it into proximity with Earth. There are two hypothetical scenarios arising from the "six leadership priorities": the search for a Global Society or initiating forms of neo-colonialism on the part of developed countries towards emerging ones. The most relevant Documents by International Organizations and Articles published in the past regarding actions in this area and the forecast of economic growth in various areas of the World are considered and the hypothesis of dual scenarios that may arise from these are postulated. In the relations between Developed and Emerging Countries as part of the Global Health Diplomacy, there is a risk that the former can adopt behaviors induced by the financial needs of overcoming their crisis. Establishing indicators oriented towards the creation of a global society to the detriment of new forms of neo-colonialism.
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